A policeman hands out water during a recent protest calling for changes to Jordan's constitution and economy. [Muhammad Hamed/Reuters]
King Abdullah II of Jordan's decision to form a royal commission to consider constitutional amendments was praised by political analysts who viewed the move as a positive step to initiate political reform.
The king appointed former Prime Minister Ahmed al-Lozi Tuesday (April 26th) to lead a royal commission charged with reviewing constitutional provisions and "to consider any constitutional amendments that are appropriate for the present and future of Jordan".
The commission includes Taher al-Masri, speaker of the senate and chairman of the National Dialogue Committee; Faisal al-Fayez, speaker of parliament; Fayez Tarawneh, a former prime minister; Rateb al-Wazni, president of the judicial council; Rajai Muasher, a former deputy prime minister; and former ministers Said al-Tal, Taher Hikmat, Marwan Dudin and Riad Shakaa.
The commission, which began its work on the day of the king's announcement, was formed in response to public demands for constitutional amendments. No timeline was announced about when it will complete its work.
A national political dialogue committee was already formed to review amendments to laws on political parties and elections. It held its first meeting in March. The royal commission will be responsible for potential amendments to the constitution.
Dudin, who along with al-Masri serves on both bodies, told Al-Shorfa, "Their work will lead to issuing suggestions and recommendations which will be submitted to parliament for approval."
Popular demands ranged from calls for a constitutional monarchy with defined powers for the king, to the cancellation of the 1952 constitutional amendments which gave the king absolute power over the government.
Jordan's constitution was adopted in 1952 during the reign of King Talal bin Abdullah and was amended 10 times.
The king sent a letter last Tuesday to al-Lozi spelling out the commission's task, which is to "work on promoting political life in a constitutional context and take into account what would be issued by the National Dialogue Committee in terms of recommendations for constitutional amendments related to laws on elections and political parties".
Zuhair Abu al-Ragheb, head of the The Islamic Action Front's freedoms committee, said that the commission should consider crucial amendments, including one that would strip immunity from a member of parliament through the judiciary and not through a majority vote in parliament, another for establishment of a constitutional court, and another that considers any potential dissolution of parliament.
Al-Ragheb said the commission should issue decisions as soon as possible to alleviate what he called a "state of tension" in the kingdom.
He said many recommendations and legislative studies tied to the proposed amendments were submitted by opposition parties to the former Jordanian parliament and the government.
Haitham Al Kayed, secretary-general of the Islamic Centre Party, said, "The king's initiative indicates a desire to continue with reform and development in all fields, especially political ones."
He added, "The work of the committee will focus on implementing the king's vision to maintain a balance between the authorities without one body dominating the other and enhance the performance of political parties and the parliament which will help parliament carry out its duties efficiently and independently."
Nabil Al-Ghaishan, a political analyst, said, "The royal guidance in forming the commission is an historic moment to rejuvenate the state and achieve justice so no one will remain dependent or marginalised in the shadow of a democratic process in which all segments of society participate."
He said the king's directives "went beyond everyone's proposals in terms of political reform and addressed the fears of the political elite who were crying that the constitution is a red line."
Ayman Salem, a lawyer, pointed out that the road to constitutional reform is still long because the proposed amendments must pass both houses of the National Assembly.
Hussein Abu Riz, a member of the National Dialogue Committee, however, objected to the formation of another committee to review constitutional amendments.
He said it "undermines the performance of the National Dialogue Committee, which carried the burden of promoting the reform process and proposing the desired constitutional amendments, while the new committee will draw from the original jurisdiction of the first."
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READER COMMENTS
marah
2011-7-26
I call upon Jordan’s king and government to cooperate and work sincerely for the sake of improving the economic conditions in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, because the sufferings of its people have become unbearable due to these bad economic circumstances. They have to improve the conditions of the Jordanian citizens so that they would lead a decent and honorable life in their country, Jordan. If they are incapable of doing so, then they must step down.
علاء رشد
2011-7-20
As far as I am concerned, Jordan will not witness a real democracy in the presence of the monarchy and its manipulation of the government and the names of the nominated people. It is true that there is a movement nowadays, which is far better than before, and which is forming a follow-up committee for constitutional laws and amending some of them, but such a Committee must be made up of intellectuals rather than of government officials. In fact, it will not change anything or make any decision that may grant people their rights to live in freedom and full honesty, for fear of the citizens’ voice to come out and defeat the state. We are actually in need of real democracy in Jordan. Otherwise, I wonder how long we will have to wait until democracy is achieved and the Jordanians will enjoy the right to express their opinions freely on TV, in the press or in the street without feeling afraid of the security services. The citizen should have the right to choose the government which he feels is suitable to lead and change the country, at a time when he sees that it is a failed government that does not satisfy his ambitions. I personally hope that the coming period will witness more reforms and amendments related mainly to the issues of freedom, democracy and providing more dignity for the ordinary Jordanian citizens, who are suffering from the government’s oppression.
باقي
2011-7-14
I do not expect that the reforms that were announced by the Jordanian king or that were suggested regarding the constitutional amendment can benefit us in any way of value.
وليد صدقي
2011-7-10
The democratic regime in Jordan needs a lot of time and serious work in order to be achieved. Political life in Jordan is similar to that in the other Arab counties. It is still influenced by the old ruling methods that are against democratic regimes. Thus, I think that the current reforms and constitutional amendments will be useless, because they have been made under popular pressure. That’s why I don’t think that Jordan will be able to achieve real democratic change in the near future. Thus, Jordan and many other Arab countries are in need of greater efforts in order to achieve democratic change, as all the people wish. In fact, I think that there is no democracy in Jordan at the present time, and what we have heard about democratic change has been just promises in order to calm down the situation and to silence people’s voices, especially since Jordanians are calling for democracy.
مسلم صباح
2011-7-8
The need for constitutional amendments that fit the current new situation of Jordanians is one of the main reasons that have triggered troubles in Jordan. In fact, Jordanians were desperately in need of amendments that can alleviate and facilitate life’s hardships for citizens, which resulted from the government’s neglect of the citizens and its clear disregard for political parties, the neglect of their national role in public life and the participation in preparing plans and studies that can develop the country toward the best, which will maintain the comfort of Jordanians. In addition, the government’s tendency to marginalize the role of political parties and neglect citizens foreshadows the danger of the coming stage, if the government will not give up its attitudes of neglecting and marginalizing its most important social and political constituents. In fact, political parties are responsible for making reforms in the country in the first place. Yet, we notice that the current attitude of the Jordanian government is not serious enough to bring about this reform in a way that meets the citizens’ needs in this current critical situation of the Arab world; reform which all Jordanians are longing for and hoping for. In fact, Arab countries have yielded to other parties that do not appreciate reforms and that do not want Jordan to move to real democratic work and efficient political pluralism, which would benefit the sons of Jordan. Given the importance of this critical stage in Jordan’s political history, the King has formed a committee for constitutional reforms whose role is openness on different opinions and interpretations, so as to reach a modern and comprehensive reform. In addition, the King of Jordan has entrusted this Committee with a mission from Jordanians, who wish to witness constitutional reform that fits the requirements in order to achieve the best kind of living conditions for Jordanians. In fact, the Committee is currently facing a difficult mission and a great national responsibility.
سعد نبيل
2011-7-8
The Jordanian regime has no competence and no good intentions in becoming the real democratic regime that all the Jordanians are waiting for. In fact, the followers of the governmental ruling regime know that the Jordanian government is similar to the other dictatorial Arab regimes that do not adopt democracy. This will not serve the interest of the Arab leaders. And this is the case in Jordan, which is ruled with enough cruelty to impose great restrictions on the Jordanian people's general and personal freedom. In fact, it is illogical to rule the country in this dark and cruel way and such regimes would not consider changing overnight and ruling in a democratic way that will respect people and meet their demands for freedom and long lost democracy. In fact, Jordan has witnessed demonstrations in the recent period, when people took to the streets in order to call for change. However, they have met with a violent response from the Jordanian security forces, who don’t believe in the achievement of the democratic life in this short period. In fact, Jordan needs a lot of time in order to reach real democracy, especially since Jordanians have not lived in democracy under the current regime.
خالد احمد
2011-7-7
I think that the reforms and the constitutional amendments of the Jordanian King will not be useful because they have come too late, especially under these conditions. This has made many Arab leaders use another method of taking an interest in people, due to their fear of popular revolution, especially since these governments have neglected people’s rights. Thus, they have resorted to silencing people’s voices through constitutional reforms or through some other measures. In fact, they have carried out such reforms in order to cling to power. Thus, the reforms and the constitutional amendments of the Jordanian King have been a response to the events taking place in the Arab countries. In fact, this is because of instability. Besides, people have opposed the existence of the dictatorial regimes that have not provided services for people. These governments have also resorted to violence against them and they have neglected people’s rights. Moreover, they have forgotten their duties. Thus, the intentions of the King of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan may be good. However, people are in need of more attention and care in order to provide all their requirements. In fact, this must not be temporary, nor just a means to calm people in these events which are taking place in the Arab countries, because then, the situation will deteriorate again.
يعقوب علي
2011-7-6
I expect that there will be democracy in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and the people of Jordan will enjoy better conditions than before, through being granted everything they need in terms of freedom of expression. There will be a serious consideration of and commitment to the things people demand, such as democracy and better conditions. The people of Jordan are seeking a better situation, because the current situation is like that in the rest of the Arab states. They want to eliminate poverty, hunger and unemployment, and to provide all services in all areas. The Jordanian citizens want to benefit from the wealth of their country. There is a marked improvement in the situation and freedom at all levels, and this should not be tarnished by acts of barbarism or misusing these improvements to harm the country or citizens. Democracy should work within a moral framework and according to specifications that indicate that the Jordanian people understand well the meaning of democracy as a civilized and cultured people. They cannot accept causing damage to the country under the slogan of freedom or democracy. I expect all the best for Jordan and the people of Jordan, because they deserve all the best and they need to enjoy comfort and freedom.
شريف الاردني
2011-7-6
God bless our King, who works to satisfy his people. He has worked on establishing some reforms after the peaceful demonstrations in which the people of Jordan rallied to express their resentment and anger over some articles of the constitution, which restrict the personal and press freedoms and democracy in the country. King Abdullah gave orders directly for the formation of this committee, to study the constitution and amend some of its paragraphs to provide freedom for the citizens and to achieve the wishes of the people. I think that this committee, being established by the King's orders, will seriously and realistically study a lot of issues that impede the citizens' freedom, because of some paragraphs of the constitution that need to be amended. I think that things will change and Jordan, the government, the people and the king, will be united. This will prevent the occurrence of what happened in Tunisia or Egypt, because our wise leadership has quickly undertaken the achievement of the demands of the protesters. And the reforms that have already been put into effect will certainly change the conditions in the country in general and the citizens' conditions in particular.
عيسى احمد
2011-7-6
Freedom of expression in Islam comes from the acknowledgement of the importance of the human being. However, we should first resort to dialogue and abide by its rules while respecting the other human beings with whom we deal, whoever they are, to be able to reach actual freedom of expression. We should call for applying the democratic principles set forth in most of the constitutions in the world, including the Jordanian constitution, which acknowledged the work under a democratic system in the country in order to achieve the freedom of opinion for citizens, free from any pressure or harassment by any government party. This is because human rights are subject to freedom and humanity cannot be realized without freedom. Controlling others means confiscation of their liberty unlawfully, and this is a kind of elimination of their rights. The achievement of freedoms means that people are capable of living their lives safely with their families without fear of the aggression of governors or the oppression of the unjust. People should also know that freedom is guaranteed legally, but it does not allow man to do whatever he wants, because this leads to chaos, which destroys the security, stability and integrity of society. The government in Jordan should exercise democratic action in accordance with the principles that guarantee the full rights for the people to live, to own property, and their right to enjoy liberty, equality, education and the provision of services, and these rights are a must.
فارس القحطاني
2011-5-29
Jordan is one of the countries that have adopted the principles of democracy for many years. However, we see that there is a flaw in the application of these principles. Thus, today these principles must be applied in order not to be mere ink on paper. It is also important to develop these principles according to regional events and developments. This is in order to achieve justice and fairness in all aspects and to avoid harming people by making them live in deprivation and need, due to governmental practices. This has led to many popular demonstrations in the recent period. In fact, people have taken to the streets in order to demonstrate against the oppressive practices of the government. It has deprived people of many things, due to the high prices and taxes that have aimed to increase the government’s wealth at the expense of the poor people. Thus, the government must revise the Jordanian constitution by adopting amendments that can improve the political and economic life. This is in order to achieve justice and fairness for the sake of the nation’s balance and future, and in order to achieve the people’s demands by carrying out constitutional amendments. This will achieve a new political era that will suit Jordan and its people.
يونس صابر
2011-5-27
The King of Jordan just wants to calm the situation, and he does not want to look like the dictator he really is before the people. I think that the reforms announced by King Abdullah and the Commission, with which he proposed to amend the constitution, do not work or bring any good for Jordan. The situation in Jordan is critical to a large extent, knowing that Jordan was thriving at the time when Iraq was governed by Saddam, because he was the main reason for the recovery of the Jordanian economy. We all know the relationships that bound the two countries together, but the Jordanians did not know how to benefit from this situation. They weakened their economy themselves, and we hope Jordan restores its previous position and the economy recovers again, so that it will join the other Arab countries which are enjoying an economic boom. I believe that the economy grows with the stability in the country, through its relationships with other countries, but Jordan is experiencing a lot of problems and unrest. What I hope for in the near future is for Jordan to restore its normal position, as it was in the past. What the Salafist groups did in the country caused fear and anxiety among the people. In my opinion, it is the duty of the government to adopt new policies to get rid of all those problems gripping the country and leading to its collapse. Jordan was living in luxury, but the current economic difficulties have made it one of the poorest Arab countries. We do not want to see our Arab countries like that, so I hope the Jordanian government rethinks its policies in order not to keep the economy in this crisis. We want people to wait more and be more realistic and work hard to build relations with neighboring countries. The reforms that the people are calling for may be to no avail but if they only improve the Jordanian economy, in addition to other reforms the country will be relieved. I wish the best for Jordan.
وهاب عبدالله
2011-5-25
The winds of change are going to affect many of the countries in the Arab region, including the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, although the Jordanian King, Abdullah Ibn Al Hussein, has started to announce changes and amendments from time to time. In fact, I am confident that the various reforms and changes in the terms of the Jordanian Constitution will be no more than marginal and superficial ones, because I do not believe that they will be real, as he declared. In addition, I do not think that such amendments and committees, which are formed by the Jordanian King in order to amend the constitution, will fit the demands of this phase and the Jordanians’ expectations. They will not satisfy Jordanians. In fact, this committee will not be able to convince the citizens in Jordan or make them feel the process of change. As far as I am concerned, the process of reform and change will not be useful at present, because I am totally confident that such reforms aim to do no more than absorb Jordanian public anger, which has increased in the recent period. Besides, neither the formation of committees nor reform acts, which I think are useless, will do anything at all, since Jordanians have gotten tired of the false promises and the falsified and unreal reforms. In fact, the political change process has affected the entire region. Thus, the reform and change acts which were introduced by the Arab leaders will be in vain, because the time of reforms has gone and has become unimportant in this tense period, which is the case in Jordan. I wonder where the King’s reforms and committees were, which he was keen to form over the previous years. Indeed, actual reforms came to Jordan only after the riots of Arab and Jordanian public opinion. In this respect, Jordanians are sure that the unprecedented reform and advertising process serve to raise voices calling for political change, after their human and living conditions have deteriorated. Indeed, the latter increased the suffering of Jordanians in terms of many internal problems, namely unemployment, low wages and corruption, which is spread in the institutions of the Jordanian regime. Thus, I believe that the reform process is useless, given this tense phase in the history of Jordan.