Thousands of Lebanese Shias mourn Sayyed Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah

[JOSEPH FADOOUL/Al –Shorfa] Thousands of Lebanese Shias marched in the funeral of Grand Ayatollah Fadlallah.

[JOSEPH FADOOUL/Al –Shorfa] Thousands of Lebanese Shias marched in the funeral of Grand Ayatollah Fadlallah.

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Thousands of Lebanese Shias converged on Beirut's southern suburb Tuesday (July 6th) for the burial of Grand Ayatollah Sayyed Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah, who died Sunday (July 4th) at the age of 75 from internal bleeding.

Fadlallah was a leading marjaa (source of emulation) for Shias in Lebanon and abroad who looked to him for fatwas on a range of social and religious issues. He was revered by his followers for his moderate social views and openness towards dialogue with other religions. He issued fatwas forbidding female circumcision and honour crimes.

Fadlallah was born in Najaf, Iraq in 1935, where his father had immigrated to study religious sciences. He was a student of leading professors in the Najaf Islamic Hawza. He returned to Lebanon in 1966.

Lebanese President Michel Suleiman described the passing of Fadlallah as "a national loss of a figure who was distinguished by an open and enlightened mind." The Lebanese government declared Tuesday a national day of mourning.

Hani Abdullah, Fadlallah's political and media advisor, said Fadlallah "filled the Arab and Islamic world with intellect, culture, renovation and reform. He was distinguished by being the first personality calling for dialogue at the Islamic level, and he has books on this subject including "Dialogue in the Holy Qur'an" and "Within the Horizons of Islamic Christian Dialogue".

Abdullah noted Fadlallah's defence of women's rights and his call for the use of modern science. "He issued a fatwa a year and a half ago giving permission to women to retaliate against their husband's aggression if they beat them," he told Al-Shorfa.

"He also introduced a new methodology in issuing fatwas particularly in what concerns the benefits of science to confirm the appearance of the crescent of Ramadan. Numerous Islamic countries resort to viewing the crescent moon with the naked eye to confirm the beginning of the fasting month," he added.

Hani Fahs, a member of the Higher Shia Council and a member of the Arab Group for Dialogue, said Fadlallah's approach to issues "goes back to his beginnings in Najaf where he was occupied with reconciling what was inherited with the new, past and present, constant and changing in knowledge."

Fahs said Fadlallah's "cultural foundation went beyond the Najaf hawza as he was interested in the concerns of the era and its questions, and he was looking for answers to those questions."

Fahs praised Fadlallah for "announcing his opinion with courage, thus establishing a new jurisprudence methodology characterized by shortening the distance between religion and civilian sciences."

He said Fadlallah's views were also shaped and influenced by "the Lebanese environment and the culture of a society characterised by partnership between Christians and Muslims and debate between Eastern and Western influences."

Fadlallah was referred to at the beginning of the 1980s as the spiritual leader of Hizbullah, a title he rejected.

"Fadlallah embraced the Islamic resistance in Lebanon and in spite of that he refused to be described as the spiritual guide of Hizbullah," said Abdullah.

Despite Fadlallah's support for military action against Israel, differences with the Iranian authorities as well as his following of an independent fiqh (jurisprudence) are cited as the causes of a rift between him and Hizbullah.

In an interview with the weekly al-Shiraa in 1986, Fadlallah announced his disagreement with Iranian authorities over the timing of establishing an Islamic state in Lebanon, saying there were no objective conditions to implement it right away.

Fadlallah also reportedly never accepted Iranian supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei's authority following Khomeini's death. In 2009, he told the Wall Street Journal that he didn't see wilayat al-faqih (rule of the jurisprudent) as the definitive Islamic regime.

"Fadlallah and the late Mohammad Mahdi Shamseddine had achieved a major accomplishment for Lebanese [Shia Islam] in becoming marjaas with transnational reach, not based out of Qom or Najaf," wrote Lebanese scholar Tony Badran in Now Lebanon.

"Now once again, there's a void in the marjaiyya, and the race is on to fill that gap he left behind. In his eulogy, [Hizbullah secretay-general Hassan Nasrallah] called Fadlallah a 'wise guide [murshid]', which could be taken as a nod to Fadlallah's old role with [Hizbullah] members. But Nasrallah is likely seeking to co-opt Fadlallah's legacy to [Hizbullah's] benefit, even as the party's press release made no reference to Fadlallah as a marjaa," he said.

Fadllallah's death was announced during a press conference at Fadlallah's office by Bahraini Ayatollah Abdullah Al-Gharifi.

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  • READER COMMENTS

    نبأ جليل

    2010-7-23

    May God have mercy on your parents ... Sunnis are, due to the transparency in their faith, known often for their good intentions, and they do not conceal things, as do other sects, which are secretly planning and use all methods to gain power. However, these obscurantists forget that their plans may succeed for a while and then backfire on them, and they will be cursed by the inhabitants of heavens and earth, and things will turn upside down...

  • هيثم محمد

    2010-7-23

    Hezbollah is an Iranian product, intended to surround the Gulf States and Egypt with a Shiite state stretching from Iran to Iraq, Syria and Lebanon. We must not behave like fools, as America and Israel want to deal with a Shia state. Thus, they facilitated the Shiite extension, led by Iran to own the entire Arab region, in exchange for ceding Palestine. America and Israel know that the Sunnis will not give up Palestine, so they established a Shiite state in Iraq, and it will be followed by a Shiite state in Lebanon and then in Egypt. Then, it will become easier to surround Saudi Arabia and the Gulf States, and afterwards to rule them. This support and silence are in exchange for ceding Palestine. This is the Shiite Iranian American-Israeli plan. Wake up, Arab leaders, before Iran surrounds and then rules you.

  • Faisal

    2010-7-23

    Our religion is Islam. There is no despicable sectarianism in it. We ask Almighty to support his religion sooner not later, and to thwart the plans of its enemies… Amen.

  • ابراهيم محمد

    2010-7-21

    Documented history enables developed countries to identify an influential figure through its attitudes and achievements. There is no difference whether this person is good or bad. Later, we can use it to determine the types of different personalities, and forecast their methods. Just as an autopsy reveals the cause of death, documenting the personal attributes gives researchers new information which may lead to the establishment of a new science. It is possible to follow in their footsteps in the future when we feel the need for such advanced research. Thank you.

  • خالد خلف

    2010-7-21

    The difference between Muhammad Hussein Fadlallah and Hamed Abu Zaid is that Muhammad Hussein Fadlallah did not speak evil of Islam and the Quran. He just broke free from backward thought. He followed the right path and did not speak heresies. Unlike him, Hamed Abu Zaid rebelled against the Islamic religion, to the extent of infidelity and disbelief in the Quran text. This is where they are different, he came with a new way of thinking which has nothing to do with Islam.

  • Asayed

    2010-7-20

    May Allah have mercy upon the respectable Shia clergyman, Muhammad Hussein Fadl-Allāh, and admit him into His spacious Paradise. His opinions and stances make him one of the most moderate Shia clergymen in modern times. He called for unity between the Muslims and forbade abusing the honorable companions and mothers of the believers, or accusing them of disbelief. Regardless of the difference in opinion or school of thought, he will remain a symbol of tolerance and denouncement of disunity and enmity.

  • سالم

    2010-7-20

    After the moderate Muslim senior scholar, Muhammad Hussein Fadl-Allāh, had passed away; Lebanon entered a period of Shia conflicts over the religious leadership between the Iranian city of Qumm and the Iraqi city of Najaf since it was independent from the said religious references and being a religious Marji’yyah itself. His absence caused a gap in that respect. His independent opinions caused him many problems and so he left for Lebanon in 1966. He was also an activist in the humanitarian work that the West exploits to enter the East. He was interested in the dialogue of religions and the approximation between the Sunnis and Shias, despite his support for Khomeini’s revolution. However, he opposed the Shia rituals of Ashura Day.

  • اوكتافيا نصرت

    2010-7-18

    The last thing I ever thought would happen in a democratic country it that a female journalist who has a long history would be dismissed, just because she covered some events and expressed her opinion. Where is democracy?

  • امل حسن

    2010-7-18

    20 years of work, and then when the journalist expressed her opinion regarding ‎the Shia scholar, CNN dismissed her. Likewise, when the British ambassador ‎expressed her opinion regarding the Shia scholar, the British government ‎apologized.‎ It seems that the Israeli influence is the judge, not freedom of expression. ‎ About 100 Iraqi politicians, MPs and ministers went and offered condolences. Does the USA consider them terrorists? Alternatively, will the USA force them to withdraw their statements, knowing that one of them said, “Our loss is heavy, because he was our first support during our struggle against the dictator Saddam”?

  • [email protected]

    2010-7-17

    Muhammad Hussein Fadlallah was an Arab scholar who denied the event of breaking the rib of Fatma Al Zahra. Thus, he was considered an infidel; he was excluded from the scene and was opposed. The Mullahs of Iran even issued Fatwas saying that he was on the wrong path and had gone astray. We should not forget that Hezbollah does not consider Muhammad Hussein Fadlallah a religious symbol. He is linked to the Mullahs of Iran, despite the relative association between the top of the party and the unique Arab scholar Mohammed Hussein Fadlallah. All people know that the Salem Party glorifies the Iranian Mullahs and does not mention the Arab scholar. Unfortunately, there is a secret war, but rather flagrant against everything Arab, to the extent that the dominant language used in communication in the south of Iraq has become the Persian language. They work to humiliate everything that is related to Arabs, despite the many black turbans, which are a symbol of belonging to Ahl al-Bayt. However, they insist on becoming Persians and dominating all things related to the Arabs. Of course, the disguise under the black turbans and the religious cloak of the sufis is obvious. Then, they start to disseminate hatred, intolerance and extremism against Arabs. When Muhammed Hussein Fadlallah tried to fight this hatred and malice by denying the slanderous event known as the breaking of the rib, he was considered an infidel, a lost evildoer, and was fiercely fought. Whoever wants to set Shiism right is considered an infidel and is fought immediately.

  • على الرقيمى

    2010-7-17

    There is no doubt about the patriotism of free Shiites. However, when a Shiite religious scholar intervenes in worldly matters, the Shiite loses his identity and even his dignity. As was the case with Mr. Fadlallah, Arabs in Iraq are excluded from the leadership of the Shiite authority in Najaf, led by the Iranian al-Sistani and those around him. There is no Arab person among them. Arabs are excluded and killed, as happened with al-Sadr and his sons. Iran is fighting with its Mullahs and followers, who pledge allegiance more to the doctrine than to the country. If there is Shiite moderation, as it is called politically, the sacred authority and its financial and moral sources of strength will disappear. Thus, rationality and patriotism will prevail. Indeed, there is no religion without a country. The influence of Iran and its money supply will end. It is true that Iran spends a lot of money on its agents and followers, particularly in the Arab region. For instance, Hezbollah is stronger than the Lebanese state. The Iranian Marjaeya of Najaf sends its collected money to Qom and to Guardian jurist and does not spend it on its Iraqi followers. It is estimated at 8 billion annually (half of the budget of the Syrian Arab Republic). There is no moderation when we talk about the doctrine of Guardian jurist.

  • yousif

    2010-7-17

    At a time dominated by sectarianism and the state which supports it, Al-sayed Fadlallah was very rare and an example of moderation and truth, even though he disagreed with the views of those closest to him. His loss implies the loss of the link between the Muslim sects in disagreement. He always sought to unite people, and most of his articles and statements had been following the same path since the fifties. He used to be in touch with many of the Sunni and Shiite scholars alike. Due to his bold opinions that he deemed it necessary to express, many people criticized him and even did not consider him as a scholar, particularly since he was the only Arab scholar. May God bless Al-sayed Fadlallah, and may his soul rest in peace.

  • Haidar

    2010-7-15

    The Shias’ belief in the religious leadership and Marji’iyyah is inexplicable, because it transcends time and place barriers and gives all Shias everywhere on earth the same intellectual color. Of course, this belief is purely religious and has nothing to do with politics or patriotism, contrary to what is widely thought. On the other side, the Sunnis have no contemporary religious leadership, and this makes them different even in the same country. Shias enjoy three essential characteristics: first, the economic system, represented by the one-fifth, which guarantees the independence of the Shia religious institutions from any government in the world; second, the belief in the political leadership, which protects the Shia society from disunity and from juristic disagreements third, the Shia identity, i.e. the love for Ahl Al-Bayt, or household of the Prophet, peace be upon him, that represents the foundation of the belief in the leadership. I am sure that the writer will not understand any of this, while you allege that you are informed and knowledgeable. The person should not discuss what he has no knowledge about and being influenced by fanatism.

  • عبدالعزيز

    2010-7-15

    The absence of an important man like Sayyed Mohammed Hussein Fadlullah, who lost all his leading positions in Hezbollah because of his statements and opinions regarding the theory of Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists, and breaking the rib of Fatimah Al-Zahra, may Allaah be pleased with her, and his rejection of abusing all Sahabas, i.e. companions of the Prophet, peace be upon him, and mothers of the believers, gave the impression that he was moderate man who could bridge the gap between the two schools of thought, despite the countless harassments that he faces at the hands of the Iranian-linked parties or the extremists in other places. Fadlullah passed away like all men, and we are only allowed to ask for mercy for the dead. However, we inquire about the new Fadlullah on the Lebanese Shia-Sunni arena! We also inquire: will the new Fadlullah speak the truth loudly and oppose all the Sunni and Shia extremists? ‎

  • 2010-7-15

    Is it possible that a Shia clergyman like the late Fadlullah advocates opinions outside the Iranian system and its concepts that not only call for the theory of Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists, but also the opinions of Al-Khomeini and his decaying revolution? We do not say so to disparage the call of the late clergyman for dialogue, renovation and openness, but all of these opinions would not have become reality if he had not been living in a country like Lebanon that was and still is the country of freedom and the future. For example, in Iraq, Al-Maliki and Al-Hakim and their supporters, who follow the clergymen of Tehran and Qumm, try ceaselessly to drag the Iraqis in every possible way, to put them under the Iranian hegemony with its dark future, using the special occasions, ceremonies and ventures. They want to send a message to the Sunnis that they can do whatever they want, just because they pretend that they believe in their mission, while this is not true, as proved by the bargains that take place inside the government, not to mention the corruption and the wasting of the public funds. May Allaah have mercy upon the late clergyman, and we ask Allah to provide Iraq with a man like him, who says that we do not follow the Iranian directives and that our societies have their cultural uniqueness.

  • اسماء

    2010-7-10

    The death of Al-Sayed Fadhallah is a significant loss to Muslims in general and to the Shiites in particular. Fadhlallah is a prominent scholar in the Shiite community, mainly in Lebanon. Unlike other religious scholars who adopted fanatic and extremist ideologies, Fadhlallah helped spread moderate ideology in the country.

  • 2010-7-10

    The Islamic world was been deeply affected by the death of Al-Sayed Fadhlallah. Many Arab and Islamic Governments sent their condolence to the Lebanese people and to the defunct family. This man used to be like a father to many resistance and liberation movements in the Arab countries. He had ever stood by the oppressed and he issued moderate fatwas which incite people to hold on to Islam and its teachings and reject the aggression against others. He helped Lebanon a lot to overcome the crises it witnessed due to politicians’ conflicts. He helped bury the hatchet, insisted on the Lebanese people’s unity. He insisted on the necessity of harmony between Muslims and others and among Muslims from different doctrines. Therefore, many Sunni scholars offered their sincere condolences following the death of this honorable scholar.

  • ناظم

    2010-7-10

    The loss of Al-Sayed Fadhallah and other moderate scholars is very saddening for Muslims. We might not have more moderate scholars, because many cards have been reshuffled and many things have changed.

  • dana

    2010-7-10

    The well-versed scholar Fadlallah, who died at the age of seventy-five some days ago, was among the most prominent religious scholars, because he devoted his whole life to calling for justice among people. He contributed to putting off sedition in Lebanon and guiding the Sunni and Shiites as brothers. The death of this scholar had a great impact, not only on the Lebanese people, but it also grieved many people from the neighboring and distant Arab countries. All people know the role of this person and his moderate views towards all the issues of Muslims. He died and he had a large fan base of ordinary people, directors and politicians. Who cannot admire this figure! Even though he is a Shiite scholar, he has many Sunni admirers and imitators. Everyone used to follow his Fatwas. All people appreciated and respected this man.

  • عيسى

    2010-7-10

    It was sufficient that all countries sent their condolences quickly when they heard this news. They sent many of their politicians and representatives to participate in the funeral procession of Sheikh Fadlallah, this prominent religious scholar. He was regarded as a religious authority, not only in his own country, but also outside Lebanon. These people consider him a religious scholar and follow his “Fatwas”, because he was on the right path and showed fairness towards all people. He followed the teachings of religion and was not biased towards a bloc or a sect; he did not differentiate between Muslims, be they Sunni or Shiite. They were all equal. Today, all people are sad; his death has impacted Sunnis and Shiites in Lebanon and in other countries.

  • عمر

    2010-7-9

    May our revered scholar go to the mercy of Allah, and to everlasting life in paradise, by Allah's permission. He called for a Muslim-Christian dialogue and was a moderate man of knowledge, so they fought him and overcame him. May Allay have mercy on you, master, and console us. He was a moderate scholar. We ask Allah to have mercy on him and house him in His wide paradise. Allah's mercy be upon you and your chaste soul. May Allah house you with Mohammed and his family. In spite of Al-Qaeda and the spiteful people, we are following in the steps of the pure master; we are the Sunnis and Shia; we are brothers.

  • ابراهيم الريس

    2010-7-9

    O Allah, bring together Muslims, Sunnis and Shiites, whatever their disagreements. We bear witness that “There is No God but Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah”. With all my respect to all other non-Muslim religions in our Arab world. Brothers, stick to peace and tolerance. Allah is peace, and our Islam calls for peace. Let’s begin spreading it in all corners of the earth, from which, unfortunately, peace is absent, and in which injustice is increasing.

  • عبدالله بخيت

    2010-7-9

    I have read several articles by the late scholar, and I liked them very much. May Allah have mercy on him and receive him into paradise. The whole Muslim world, Shiites and Sunnis, have lost a great figure of the honorable nation and an unparalleled intellectual. Farewell, my dear master, and may Allah raise you together with your grandfather, the Messenger of Allah, and his pure family. To Allah we belong, and to Him we shall return. May Allah bless anyone who reads Surat al-Fatiha on his soul. May Allah surround you with his immense mercy and accompany you with your grandfather, the Messenger of Allah, peace and mercy be upon him and his family, in an eternal and honored abode in the presence of the Omnipotent King.